Bacterial culture of pancreatic juice in early stage of severe acute pancreatitis / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution, drug resistance and clinical significance of bacteria and fungi in pancreatic juice of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:Data of patients with severe acute pancreatitis receiving ERCP treatment and pancreatic juice bacterial culture at Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from Jan 2019 to Jun 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 97 patients were included. Pathogens were isolated from 46 (47.42%) pancreatic juice samples, with 71 strains including 43 (60.56%) gram negative bacteria, 26 (36.62%) gram positive bacteria, and 2 (2.82%) fungi. The C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer and Balthazar CT Score in the culture positive group were higher than those in the culture negative group ( P < 0.05). The incidence of complications and pancreatic infection in the culture positive group was also significantly higher ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:The positive rate of pancreatic juice bacterial culture in the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis is high, in which Gram-negative bacteria are most common, followed by Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. The presence of pathogens in pancreatic juice predicts ensuing infections.

Clinical study of pancreatic duct stent in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of pancreatic duct stent under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the treatment of patients with hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP).Methods:The clinical data of 66 patients with HTGP at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 1, 2017 to June 1, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to treatment methods: conservative group ( n=46) and stent group ( n=20). The incidence of complications, the rate of transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) for intensive treatment, the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score at 48 hours after admission, the level of triglycerides, and the application interval of enzyme inhibitor were compared between groups. Results:There were 53 males and 13 females, aged (39.3±9.7) years. There were no deaths in both groups, all 20 patients in the stent group underwent successful pancreatic duct stenting. Compared with before treatment, the level of blood white blood cell, amylase, triglycerides, and APACHE II scores of patients in the conservative group and the stent group were both significantly reduced after treatment ( P<0.05). After treatment, the APACHE II score of stent group patients was significantly lower than that of the conservative group [2.00(2.00, 4.00) vs 4.00(3.00, 5.25), P<0.05]. The length of fasting, hospitalization, and the enzyme inhibitor application of patients in the stent group were significantly lower than conservative group ( P<0.05). The complication rate of the stent group was significantly lower than conservative group [ 10.0% (2/20) vs 41.3% (19/46), P<0.05]. Conclusion:Pancreatic duct stenting can quickly relieve clinical symptoms of HTGP patients, reduce length of hospital stay and improve prognosis, which means it is a safe and effective treatment strategy for HTGP.

Clinical efficacy of early pancreatic duct stenting in the treatment of acute pancreatitis / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of early pancreatic duct stenting in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinical data of 201 patients with acute pancreatitis who were admitted to General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2011 to December 2017 were collected. There were 106 males and 95 females, aged from 18 to 90 years, with a median age of 62 years. Of 201 patients, there were 178 cases with moderate severe acute pancreatitis and 23 cases with serious severe acute pancreatitis. Patients were treated with pancreatic duct stenting within 48 hours after admission. Observation indicators: (1) treatment; (2) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect recurrence of acute pancreatitis after surgery up to June 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented by Mean± SD, and the independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups, and the matched samples t test was used for comparison between before and after. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented by M( P25 ,P75) or M(range), and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups, and the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used for comparison between before and after. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test . Results:(1) Treatment: 201 patients received pancreatic duct stenting successfully, 63 of which were detected pancreatic obstruction with white-floc. The interval time from admission to surgery , operation time, time for initial oral intake, duration of hospital stay and hospital expenses of 201 patients were 10 hours(4 hours,22 hours), (35±15)minutes, 3 days(2 days,5 days), 6 days(5 days,10 days) and 3.8×10 4 yuan (3.0×10 4 yuan,4.9×10 4 yuan). Of 201 patients, 22 patients were transferred to intensive care unit, including 1 case with serious severe underwent inhospital death and 1 case with moderate severe and 7 cases with serious severe underwent auto-discharge from hospital. There were 25 cases with local complications, including 17 cases with pancreatic infectious necrosis, 7 cases with pancreatic walled-off necrosis and 1 case with spleen infarction. All 25 patients were cured after surgical inter-vention or conservative treatment. Further analysis showed that cases being transferred to intensive care unit, cases undergoing surgical treatment, the time for initial oral intake, duration of hospital stay and cases undergoing auto-discharge from hospital were 6, 11, 3 days(2 days,5 days), 6 days(5 days,10 days) and 1 for the 178 moderate severe cases, versus 16, 5, 7 days(4 days,9 days), 9 days (7 days,17 days) and 7 for the 23 serious severe cases, showing significant differences ( χ2=91.561, 6.730, Z=6.485, 5.463, χ2=47.561, P<0.05). The white blood cell count, serum amylase indexes and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score of 201 patients were (14±6)×10 9/L, 928 U/L(411 U/L,1 588 U/L), 9±5 before admission, versus (10±4)×10 9/L, 132 U/L(72 U/L,275 U/L), 6±4 at 48 hours after admission, respectively, showing significant differences ( t=12.219, Z=11.639, t=16.016, P<0.05). (2) Follow-up: of 201 patients, 153 cases were followed up for 40 months (27 months,55 months). During the follow-up, 32 of the 153 cases had recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Conclusion:Early pancreatic duct stenting is safe and feasible in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.

Effectiveness of Indomethacin Suppositories in the Prevention of Post-endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancrea- tography Pancreatitis ：A Reevaluation of Systematic Review / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To overview the systematic review on the effectiveness of indomethacin in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis （PEP），and to provide reliable evidence-based reference for the prevention of PEP. METHODS ：Retrieved from PubMed ，the Cochrane Library ，Embase，CBM，CNKI，Wanfang database and VIP，systematic review on indomethacin in the prevention of PEP were collected during the inception to Nov. 2020. The methodological quality ，report quality and evidence quality of the included studies were evaluated by AMSTAR 2 scale，PRISMA statement and GRADE method. The effectiveness of PEP prevention was described. RESULTS ：Finally，23 systematic reviews were obtained ，including 12 in Chinese and 11 in English. Tweenty-two systematic reviews showed that compared with placebo ， indomethacin could effectively reduce the incidence of PEP. Eight systematic reviews showed that indomethacin significantly reduced the incidence of moderate and severe PEP compared with placebo. Five systematic reviews showed that indomethacin could reduce the incidence of postoperative hyperamylasemia compared with placebo. Three systematic reviews showed that indomethacin also had a good preventive effect on people with high risk of PEP. PRISMA score of included systematic reviews ranged from 15 to 25. The quality evaluation of AMSTAR 2 methodology included in systematic reviews was low ，and the key items of complete report were 4，9，11 and 13. The GRADE evidence quality evaluation of the included systematic reviews showed that the quality of the evidence was concentrated in the low level. CONCLUSIONS ：Indomethacin has a certain effect in the prevention of PEP ，but the overall evidence quality of the included literatures is generally not high. It needs to be further validated by high-quality clinical research.

Synthesis of new 4-anilinoquinazoline analogues and evaluation of their EGFR inhibitor activity / 药学学报

Thirteen of 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives with imine groups at position 6 of quinazoline ring were synthesized and their antitumor activities were evaluated by MTT assay and Western blotting analysis. Among these compounds, 13a-131 were reported first time. The MTT assay was carried out on three human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2 and SMMC7721) with EGFR highly expressed. Among the tested compounds, 13i and 13j exhibited notable inhibition potency and their IC50 values on three cell lines were equivalent to or less than those of gefitinib. Compound 14, without imine group substituted, displayed excellent inhibitor potency only on A549 cell line. Compounds 14 and 13j were chosen to perform Western blotting analysis on A549. The results showed that both of the compounds could inhibit the expression level of phosphorylated EGFR remarkably. It was concluded that the inhibitor potency of compound 14 was almost equivalent to that of gefitinib and the inhibitor potency of 13j was better than that of gefitinib.

Synthesis of arachidic acid-cholic acid conjugate aramchol for treating disordered lipid metabolism / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the process of synthesizing aramchol. METHODS: Using arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid) and cholic acid as the starting materials, 3β-arachidyl-amido-7α, 12α-dihydroxyl-5β-cholanic-24-acid, a fatty acid bile acid conjugate aramchol, was synthesized through a 9 step route in which the carboxyl group and hydroxyl groups of cholic acid has been orthogonally protected and regioselectively deprotected. RESULTS: The yield of the target product was 12.7%. CONCLUSION: With reproducibile reactions, less by-products, and mild, controllable and relatively safe conditions, the improved process is very suitable for lab-scale production.

Influence of photoselective vaporization of prostate on erectile function in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the influence of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) on the erectile function of the patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using IIEF-5, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among 210 BPH patients before and after treated by PVP (n = 80) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP, n = 130). We also reviewed the clinical data and compared the pre- and post-operative penile erectile function between the two groups of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Follow-up was completed in 76 cases of PVP and 123 of TURP. The baseline data showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, prostate volume, IPSS, QOL, Qmax, post void urine residual volume and IIEF-5 scores (P>0.05). Compared with the IEFF-5 score at the baseline (21.88 +/- 2.46), those at 3, 6 and 12 months after PVP were 16.72 +/- 3.17, 19.34 +/- 2.46 and 19.29 +/- 2. 18, respectively, significantly decreased at 3 months (P = 0.042), but with no remarkable difference at 6 and 12 months (P >0.05). Nor were there significant differences in the IIEF-5 score between the PVP and TURP groups at any time points (P>0.05). At 6 months after surgery, the incidence rates of erectile dysfunction were 11.7% and 13.7% in the TURP and PVP groups, respectively (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PVP may reduce erectile function in some cases in the early stage after surgery, but this adverse effect does not last long and is basically similar to that of TURP.</p>

Overexpression of Fc receptor-like 1 associated with B-cell activation during hepatitis B virus infection

The role of B cells in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been explored in depth. In the present study, the activation status of B cells from peripheral blood of healthy controls (N = 20) and patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB, N = 15) or chronic hepatitis B (CHB, N = 30) was evaluated by measuring the expression levels of B-cell activation markers CD69 and CD86, using quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Moreover, the potential mechanism underlying B-cell activation during HBV infection was further investigated by analyzing the expression profile of FCRL1, an intrinsic activation molecule of B cells. An elevation in the levels of B-cell activation markers including CD69 and CD86 was observed in the AHB patients (44.31 ± 9.27, 27.64 ± 9.26%) compared to CHB patients (30.35 ± 11.27, 18.41 ± 6.56%, P < 0.05), which was still higher than healthy controls (12.23 ± 7.84, 8.22 ± 3.43%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of FCRL1 was found to be similar to B-cell activation markers, which was highest in AHB patients (70.15 ± 17.11%), lowest in healthy donors (36.32 ± 9.98%, P < 0.05) and half-way between these levels in patients with CHB (55.17 ± 12.03%, P < 0.05). The results were positively associated with aberrant B-cell activation. These data suggest that B cells can play a role in HBV infection, and therefore more effort should be devoted to exploring their functions.

Estrogen induced rat model of uterine leiomyoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an appropriate animal model of uterine leiomyoma and to understand the pathogenesis of this disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mature female rats were intramuscularly injected with estradiol benzoate at 200 μg or 300 μg twice a week. After injection for 8 or 10 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. We measured the serum levels of estrogen (E(2)) and progesterone (P), evaluated ER and PR expression, and calculated the leiomyoma forming rate and mortality of the rats. Histological changes were compared between rat uterine leiomyoma and human uterine leiomyoma with HE staining. The optimal dose and duration of E(2) for induction of uterine leiomyoma in rat were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the rats treated with estradiol benzoate 200 μg for 8 weeks ìn the serum E(2) level increased significantly (P<0.01). Uterine nodules were visible in some of the tested rats. Based on the pathohistological Results , the uterine leiomyoma developed in the treated rats demonstrated similar features as in human uterine leiomyoma. The expressions of ER and PR were increased in the leiomyoma tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rat model of uterine leiomyoma can be established by intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate at 200 μg twice per week for 8 weeks, with similar features as those of human uterine leiomyoma. The high concentrations of ER and PR in uterine tissue might be related with the development of uterine leiomyoma in animal.</p>

Total pelvic floor reconstruction surgery for repair of severe pelvic organ prolapse / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical effectiveness of total pelvic floor reconstruction surgery for repair of severe pelvic organ prolapse.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 21 patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse. The anatomical outcomes were evaluated by Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitation, functional effectiveness by Prolapse Quality of Life method, and sexual function and operation-related complications were also analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All surgical operations were accomplished successfully by the same surgeon. No impairment of bladder, urethra, rectum, or great vessels was noted, and no patient required blood transfusion. The mean operation duration was (63±19) minutes, and the mean intra-operative blood loss was (143±72) ml. One patients experienced post-operative urinary retention for 7 days, and the remaining 20 patients were able to micturate spontaneously 1-2 day after surgery. The post-operative morbidity rate was 14.3%. Three patients (14.3%) experienced mesh erosion. Of 12 patients who were sexually active, two patients suffered from algopareunia from dyspareunia, one from de novo overactive bladder, and one from stress urinary incontinence Questionnaire scores showed that the overall post operative quality of life was improved significantly (P=0.000), while quality of sexual life significantly degraded (P=0.044) The anatomic cure rate was 95.2% (20/21), and the patient subjective satisfaction rate was 85.7% (18/21)</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The total pelvic floor reconstruction is a safe and effective approach for the repair of severe pelvic organ prolapse, although its functional effectiveness is not as notable as anatomical outcomes However, the complications such as mesh erosion, low urinary tract symptoms, algopareunia, and dyspareunia should be carefully managed.</p>

Observation of the changes in ventral prostatic microcirculation in castrated rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Castrated rats exhibit significant shrinkage of the ventral prostate and apoptosis of prostatic cells, which can be attributed to the reduced blood supply to the prostate. But what causes the blood decrease in the prostate remains unknown. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism of the changes in the microcirculation of the ventral prostate of rats following castration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomized 24 male adult rats into 6 groups of equal number, and collected their ventral prostates at 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 3 and 7 d, respectively, after castration. Then we observed the changes of the microvessels under the transmission electron microscope, detected the apoptosis of endothelial cells by TUNEL, and determined the expressions of VEGF, endostatin, angiostatin and angiopoietin-2 by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The castrated rats showed dramatic changes in the microvessels of the ventral prostate, obvious apoptosis of the endothelial cells, down-regulated expression of VEGF, and up-regulated expressions of endostatin and angiostatin, while angiopoietin-2 remained unchanged.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The decreased level of VEGF and increased levels of endostatin and angiostatin might underlie the mechanism of the changes in the microcirculation of the ventral prostate of rats following castration.</p>

Effects of testosterone on the proliferation of rat corpus cavernosum cells in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of testosterone on the proliferation of penile corpus cavernosal cells in male SD rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts collected from the corpus cavernosal tissues of male SD rats were cultured by the enzymatic dispersion method and detected for the expression of the androgen receptor (AR) by immunohistochemistry. The effects of testosterone on the SMCs and fibroblasts were observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay in different concentration groups (10(-8) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L, 10(-5) mol/L, 10(-4) mol/L and 10(-3) mol/L) in comparison with the control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The AR expression was found in the penile corpus cavernosal tissues. MTT assay showed that, at the concentration of 10(-5) mol/L, testosterone induced the proliferation of SMCs (68100 +/- 2200) and fibroblasts (70200 +/- 1300), with significant differences from the control ( P < 0.05), while at 10(-4) mol/L, it inhibited their proliferation (55000 +/- 1400 and 59100 +/- 1500, respectively), (P < 0.01). No significant effects were noted in the other concentration groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AR exists in the penile corpus cavernosal tissues of male rats. Testosterone modulates the proliferation of corpus cavernosum tissue cells through AR, and different concentrations of testosterone may be positively or negatively correlated with the proliferation of SMCs and fibroblasts.</p>

Clinical observation on chemical damage of nephron and the preventive and therapeutic effects of Baoshen Mixture on it / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the change of nephron damaged by chemotherapy and to evaluate the effect of Baoshen Mixture (, BSM) in protecting and treating damaged nephrons.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred tumor patients with normal renal function and ready to receive chemotherapy were randomly assigned to two groups. Both groups received one cycle of chemotherapy program of 28-30 days with conventional hydratization, alkalization and chloridization. To the 200 cases in the treated group BSM was given orally thrice a day, 150 mL every time for 15 successive days and the other 200 cases in the control group were treated by chemotherapy alone. The clinical efficacy was compared after treatment, and the changed condition of damaged nephrons were monitored dynamically and compared at different time points (the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day after chemotherapy) by measuring the micro-globulin beta(2) (beta(2)-MG), albumin (Alb) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in urine with radioimmunoassay (RIA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The effective rates in the treated group at the 4 time points of observation were all higher than those in the control group respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01); (2) Less occurrence of abnormal beta(2)-M, Alb and IgG levels on the 14th and 21st day in the treated group took place compared to that in the control group (P<0.01); (3) Urinary levels of beta(2)-MG, Alb and IgG reached the peak on the 7th day in both groups, and then, they came down gradually and returned to the normal level on the 21st day. However, comparison between the two groups showed that all the three parameters in the treated group on day 3, 14 and 21 were lower than the respective one at the corresponding time points in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The chemotherapy damage on nephron is regular in time, and reversible when treated suitably. TCM shows a marked effect in protecting and treating the damage on nephron caused by chemotherapy.</p>

A clinical study of prostat combined with an antibiotic for chronic nonbacterial prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Prostate in combination with an antibiotic for the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A double-blind, parallel contrasted, multi-central method was applied in the study. After the Stamey test and expressed prostate secretion (EPS) examination, 160 patients with prostatitis were recruited and randomized into a trial group (80 cases with 1 case missing) and a control group (80 cases). In the trial group, the patients used the levofloxacin and Prostate during the first 4 weeks and Prostate only during the following 4 weeks. In the control group, the patients used the levofloxacin and placebo during the first 4 weeks, and placebo only during the following 4 weeks. Before and 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment, the patients were visited and evaluated by the national institute health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI), EPS, and asked about the side.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 4-week and 8-week treatment, the pain index dropped by 3.34 +/- 2.45 and 4.06 +/- 3.03 in the trial group, and effects. 2.28 +/- 2.42 and 3.30 +/- 3.29 in the control; the voiding index dropped by 2.22 +/- 1.79 and 2.77 +/- 2.04 in the trial group, and 1.24 +/- 1.67 and 1.83 +/- 2.25 in the control respectively. There was significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment in both the two groups (P < 0.01), while the difference was not significant between 4-week and 8-week post-treatment (P > 0.05). And there was significant difference between the two groups in the pain index and voiding index (P < 0.01), but not in the white blood cell count and lipid in the EPS (P > 0.05). No serious side effects were recorded, and the tolerance to Prostate and placebo showed no significant difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prostate in combination with an antibiotic can effectively relieve the pain and voiding symptoms and improve the life quality of the patients with nonbacterial prostatitis and well deserves to be recommended in clinical practice.</p>

Laparoscopic surgery in patients with hypovolemic shock due to ectopic pregnancy / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility and safety of operative laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy with hypovolemic shock.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and fifteen women with ectopic pregnancy underwent operative laparoscopy. These patients were divided into two groups. The study group included 21 patients with shock and intraperitoneal hemorrhage more than 1000 mL, and control group included 194 patients, hemodynamically stable, with blood loss less than 1000 mL. Clinical data of perioperative periods in two groups were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were tubal pregnancies. The occurrence rate of tubal rupture was higher in study group than in control group (80.95% vs. 15.98%, P < 0.001). Intraabdominal blood loss was significantly higher in study group than in control group (1900 mL vs. 300 mL, P < 0.001), and autologous blood transfusions were given to 95.24% and 9.3% of patients in study and control group, respectively (P < 0.001). Laparoscopic salpingectomy was performed on 85.7 % and 50.5% of patients in study and control group (P < 0.001). The operative time was somewhat longer in study group than that in control group (60 minutes vs. 45 minutes), but with no significant difference. All patients had no perioperative complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Operative laparoscopy in patients with hopovolemic shock can be safely and effectively performed by experienced laparoscopists with the aid of optimal anesthesia, advanced cardiovascular monitoring, and autologous blood transfusion.</p>

Microcirculation changes in the ventral prostates of rats after castration / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the microcirculation changes in the ventral prostates of rats after castration and the role of microcirculation during the apoptosis of prostatic cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six male adult rats were randomized to 6 groups: one was taken as the control, while the other 5 underwent measurement of the microcirculation in vivo by a D95 physiological signal acquisition system 12 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d respectively after castration, and then were perfused with Chinese ink to trace the microvessels of the prostates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The microcirculation of the rats'prostates changed dramatically following castration. The diameter and density of the microvessels, especially in the distant and mediate ducts of the prostates, decreased dramatically, and so did the bloodflow velocity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The microcirculation plays a role during the process of apoptosis of prostatic cells, and might be the mechanism of " apoptosis shift".</p>

Biofeedback therapy for chronic pelvic pain syndrome / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate the efficacy of biofeedback therapy in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From November 2001 to April 2002, patients visiting the Urological Outpatient Clinic of this Hospital were evaluated by means of the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and classified by the NIH classification standard. Sixty-two patients of CPPS category III were involved in this study. All patients had been treated by conventional approaches such as antibiotics and alpha-blockers for more than half a year without any improvement. The expressed prostatic secretion results were as follows: WBC 5 to 9/high power field, lipid + approximately +++ and bacterial culture negative. Their NIH-CPSI were 12 approximately 40. All the 62 cases complained of micturitional irritation (frequency, urgency, splitted stream and sense of residual urine), 32 cases, of pain or discomfort at the testicular, penile, scrotal, pelvic or rectal region and 13 cases, of white secretion-dripping. The patients were treated by the Urostym Biofeedback equipment (Laborie Co., Canada) 5 times a week for 2 weeks with a stimulus intensity of 15 mA approximatley 23 mA and duration of 20 minutes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty patients were significantly improved or cured, while no significant improvement in the remaining 2. No apparent side effect was observed. The NIH-CPSI dropped to 6 to 14 with an average reduction of 21 (P<0.01). In the 60 improved cases, pain was relieved after 2 approximately 3 treatment courses and other symptoms disappeared after 4 approximately 5 courses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Biofeedback therapy is a safe and effective treatment for CPPS. Large randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm its efficacy and to explore the mechanism of action.</p>

A comparasion of clinical and financial aspects of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy / 临床外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the safety,clinical and financial aspects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods 278 cases undergone LC and 234 cases undergone open cholecystectomy(OC)were compared in retrospective study.Results LC was as safe as OC.In favour of LC,significant differences were observed regarding the time of severe pain,hospitalization and recovery.The total occurences of postoperative complications were low in all the patients undergone LC or OC,and its significantly lower in patients undergone LC than that in those undergone OC.Furthermore,the total charges for LC were significantly lower than that for OC.Conclusions LC is as safe as OC and has clan obvious advantage over OC in clinical,social and financial aspects.

Bioactivity of Nocardia rubra Cell / 微生物学通报

To investigate the bioactivity of Nocardia rubra Cell (NC), the mice were used to assay the toxicity, the effects on immune organs, phagocytes of peritoneal macrophage and the antitumor activity by perfusion of NC to the stomach of mice. Results indicated that NC could obviously stimulate in vitro the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophage from mice, and remarkably inhibit the growth of S180 in mice, and its LD50 was more than 10 g/kg. In conclusion, NC had low toxicity, it could significantly enhance the organism immunologic function and had obvious antitumor effect and the anti-infection effect against a pathogenic microorganism.